{"id":22945,"date":"2009-06-21T23:57:23","date_gmt":"2009-06-21T23:57:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/obscom.intervozes.org.br\/wordpress\/?p=22945"},"modified":"2009-06-21T23:57:23","modified_gmt":"2009-06-21T23:57:23","slug":"stf-derruba-exigencia-do-diploma-para-exercicio-da-profissao","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/obscom.intervozes.org.br\/?p=22945","title":{"rendered":"STF derruba exig\u00eancia do diploma para exerc\u00edcio da profiss\u00e3o"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>  <w:WordDocument>   <w:View>Normal<\/w:View>   <w:Zoom>0<\/w:Zoom>   <w:TrackMoves\/>   <w:TrackFormatting\/>   <w:HyphenationZone>21<\/w:HyphenationZone>   <w:PunctuationKerning\/>   <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas\/>   <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false<\/w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>   <w:IgnoreMixedContent>false<\/w:IgnoreMixedContent>   <w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false<\/w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>   <w:DoNotPromoteQF\/>   <w:LidThemeOther>PT-BR<\/w:LidThemeOther>   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&uacute;ltima quarta-feira (17) a obrigatoriedade de forma&ccedil;&atilde;o superior para o exerc&iacute;cio da profiss&atilde;o de jornalista. A decis&atilde;o, motivada pelo Recurso Extraordin&aacute;rio 511961, foi tomada pelo Supremo Tribunal Federal (STF) com oito votos entre os nove ministros presentes pela supress&atilde;o da exig&ecirc;ncia.<\/p>\n<p>Al&eacute;m do relator da mat&eacute;ria, Gilmar Mendes, votaram contra a obrigatoriedade do diploma os ministros Carmen L&uacute;cia, Eros Grau, Ricardo Lewandowski, Ayres Britto, Cezar Peluso, Ellen Gracie e Celso de Mello. Os ministros Joaquim Barbosa e Carlos Alberto Menezes Direito n&atilde;o participaram do julgamento. Apenas Marco Aur&eacute;lio Mello se posicionou pela perman&ecirc;ncia da obrigatoriedade do diploma.<\/p>\n<p>Na apresenta&ccedil;&atilde;o de seu parecer, Gilmar Mendes defendeu a inconstitucionalidade do Decreto 972, de 1969, que regulamenta a profiss&atilde;o de jornalista. Segundo o ministro, ele &eacute; contr&aacute;rio aos princ&iacute;pios relativos &agrave; liberdade de express&atilde;o constantes na Constitui&ccedil;&atilde;o de 1988. O voto de Mendes extrapolou o requerido pelo Recurso Extraordin&aacute;rio, a forma&ccedil;&atilde;o superior como uma das exig&ecirc;ncias para a pr&aacute;tica do jornalismo prevista no Artigo 4&ordm;.<\/p>\n<p>Como o plen&aacute;rio do tribunal seguiu a posi&ccedil;&atilde;o de Mendes, a decis&atilde;o deixou d&uacute;vidas sobre seu escopo, se ficou limitada ao apenas &agrave; obrigatoriedade do diploma conforme o pedido do Recurso Extraordin&aacute;rio, ou se abrangeu o conjunto do Decreto-Lei 972\/1969, extinguindo integralmente a regulamenta&ccedil;&atilde;o profissional da categoria.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Revolta da Fenaj<br \/><\/strong><br \/>A decis&atilde;o do Supremo foi recebida como uma bomba pela Federa&ccedil;&atilde;o Nacional dos Jornalistas (Fenaj). Em nota publicada na &uacute;ltima quinta-feora (18), a entidade acusa o STF ter atuado, assim como na revoga&ccedil;&atilde;o da Lei de Imprensa, na defesa dos interesses empresariais.<\/p>\n<p>&ldquo;A sanha desregulamentadora que tem pontuado as manifesta&ccedil;&otilde;es dos ministros da mais alta corte do pa&iacute;s consolida o cen&aacute;rio dos sonhos das empresas de m&iacute;dia e amea&ccedil;a as bases da pr&oacute;pria democracia brasileira&rdquo;, diz o texto. Segundo a Fenaj, a supress&atilde;o das normas relativas &agrave; atividade &ldquo;n&atilde;o atende aos princ&iacute;pios da liberdade de express&atilde;o e de imprensa consignados na Constitui&ccedil;&atilde;o brasileira nem aos interesses da sociedade&rdquo;.&nbsp; <\/p>\n<p>A Fenaj considera que a aus&ecirc;ncia de regras para a profiss&atilde;o de jornalista representa uma amea&ccedil;a a esses princ&iacute;pios e a outras profiss&otilde;es regulamentadas, que poder&atilde;o passar pelo mesmo ataque. A Federa&ccedil;&atilde;o conclui a nota assumindo o compromisso de n&atilde;o abandonar a luta pela regulamenta&ccedil;&atilde;o da profiss&atilde;o e pela qualidade de forma&ccedil;&atilde;o dos jornalistas.<\/p>\n<p>A Associa&ccedil;&atilde;o Brasileira de Imprensa (ABI) tamb&eacute;m repudiou a decis&atilde;o do Supremo. Em nota publicada em seu portal, Maur&iacute;cio Az&ecirc;do, presidente da entidade, declara que a ABI tem raz&otilde;es especiais para lamentar esse fato porque, j&aacute; em 1918, h&aacute; mais de 90 anos portanto, a associa&ccedil;&atilde;o organizou o 1&ordm; Congresso Brasileiro de Jornalistas e aprovou como uma das teses principais a necessidade de que os jornalistas tivessem forma&ccedil;&atilde;o de n&iacute;vel universit&aacute;rio. A nota clama ainda para que as entidades profissionais se mobilizem para reverter a decis&atilde;o.<\/p>\n<p>&ldquo;A ABI espera que as entidades de jornalistas, &agrave; frente a Federa&ccedil;&atilde;o Nacional dos Jornalistas (Fenaj),&nbsp;promovam gest&otilde;es junto &agrave;s lideran&ccedil;as do Congresso Nacional para restabelecer aquilo que o Supremo Tribunal&nbsp;est&aacute; sonegando &agrave; sociedade:&nbsp; um jornalismo feito com compet&ecirc;ncia t&eacute;cnica e alto sentido cultural e &eacute;tico&rdquo;, declara Az&ecirc;do.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Empresariado comemora<br \/><\/strong><br \/><span class=\"padrao\">A Associa&ccedil;&atilde;o Nacional de Jornais comemorou a decis&atilde;o do STF. <\/span>&ldquo;<span class=\"padrao\">A decis&atilde;o consagra no Direito o que j&aacute; acontecia na pr&aacute;tica. O n&uacute;mero de profissionais era pequeno sem ser jornalista. A ANJ &eacute; a favor do curso de jornalismo, mas o que se discutia aqui era o diploma como pr&eacute;-requisito<\/span>&rdquo;<span class=\"padrao\">, afirma Paulo Tonet Camargo, diretor do Comit&ecirc; de Rela&ccedil;&otilde;es Governamentais da associa&ccedil;&atilde;o.<\/p>\n<p>Para Camargo, a forma&ccedil;&atilde;o profissional n&atilde;o &eacute; imprescind&iacute;vel para a pr&aacute;tica adequada do jornalismo. <\/span>&ldquo;<span class=\"padrao\">&Eacute; importante que existam os cursos de jornalismo, mas avaliamos que o exerc&iacute;cio do trabalho nas reda&ccedil;&otilde;es e nos meios de comunica&ccedil;&atilde;o n&atilde;o deve ser exclusivo de jornalistas com diploma<\/span>&rdquo;<span class=\"padrao\">, defende.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Nova regulamenta&ccedil;&atilde;o<br \/><\/strong><br \/>Para a jornalista e pesquisadora sobre forma&ccedil;&atilde;o profissional em jornalismo Cristina Char&atilde;o, a decis&atilde;o tomada pelo SFT de revogar a obrigatoriedade do diploma preicsa ser colocada em contexto. Se por um lado &eacute; v&aacute;lida a argumenta&ccedil;&atilde;o de que esta &eacute; uma a&ccedil;&atilde;o que poderia representar conson&acirc;ncia com os preceitos internacionalmente estabelecidos de liberdade de express&atilde;o, por outro ela deve ser vista no interior de uma tend&ecirc;ncia de desregulamenta&ccedil;&atilde;o do setor das comunica&ccedil;&otilde;es que agora chega tamb&eacute;m &agrave; atividade jornal&iacute;stica.<\/p>\n<p>O problema da desregulamenta&ccedil;&atilde;o, segundo Char&atilde;o, &eacute; que, em um cen&aacute;rio de v&aacute;cuo legal, quem define quem pode exercer a profiss&atilde;o &eacute; a for&ccedil;a do mercado. &ldquo;A rela&ccedil;&atilde;o patr&atilde;o e empregado tem que ser regulamentada mesmo que sem a obrigatoriedade do diploma. O jornalista, formado ou n&atilde;o, precisa, por exemplo, ter regulamentadas quest&otilde;es b&aacute;sicas como a cl&aacute;usula de consci&ecirc;ncia que est&aacute; no C&oacute;digo de &Eacute;tica da profiss&atilde;o, a jornada de trabalho e as suas fun&ccedil;&otilde;es&rdquo;, defende a jornalista.<\/p>\n<p>Cristina Char&atilde;o defende ainda que as associa&ccedil;&otilde;es da categoria, bem como todas as entidades que se disp&otilde;em a discutir &agrave; comunica&ccedil;&atilde;o, devem agora parar para pensar em uma nova regulamenta&ccedil;&atilde;o para a profiss&atilde;o.&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/p>\n<p><strong>Hist&oacute;rico<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>A primeira a&ccedil;&atilde;o requerendo o fim da obrigatoriedade da forma&ccedil;&atilde;o superior para o exerc&iacute;cio da profiss&atilde;o de jornalista foi apresentada pelo Minist&eacute;rio P&uacute;blico Federal (MPF) em 2001. Naquele ano, uma liminar acatou o questionamento do MPF e deixou suspensa a exig&ecirc;ncia do diploma at&eacute; 2005. Nesse ano, o Tribunal Regional Federal da 3&ordf; Regi&atilde;o revogou a liminar provocados por um recurso da Federa&ccedil;&atilde;o Nacional dos Jornalistas e da Uni&atilde;o.<\/p>\n<p>O MPF recorreu da decis&atilde;o no Supremo Tribunal Federal e entrou com uma a&ccedil;&atilde;o para garantir o exerc&iacute;cio da profiss&atilde;o pelos que trabalhavam como jornalistas at&eacute; a defini&ccedil;&atilde;o da Suprema Corte. Desde 2006, uma liminar permitiu a pr&aacute;tica do jornalismo para quem possu&iacute;a diploma ou registro nas Delegacias Regionais do Trabalho. <\/p>\n<p><em>* Com informa&ccedil;&otilde;es do Folha Online<\/em><\/span>  <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Entidades sindicais repudiam vota\u00e7\u00e3o do Supremo; decis\u00e3o deixa d\u00favidas se atinge apenas a exig\u00eancia de forma\u00e7\u00e3o superior ou toda a regulamenta\u00e7\u00e3o da profiss\u00e3o de jornalista<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[40],"tags":[272],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/obscom.intervozes.org.br\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/22945"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/obscom.intervozes.org.br\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/obscom.intervozes.org.br\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/obscom.intervozes.org.br\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/obscom.intervozes.org.br\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=22945"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/obscom.intervozes.org.br\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/22945\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/obscom.intervozes.org.br\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=22945"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/obscom.intervozes.org.br\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=22945"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/obscom.intervozes.org.br\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=22945"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}